Donald Trump Press Secretaries - List and Bios

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Anxiety Of Patients With...

This paper will conduct a critical appraisal of research over â€Å"Effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial† by Li, Wang, Yan, Zhang Zhou published in July 2011. Introduction: Authors, Qualifications, Title, Abstract Xiao- Mei Li, Hong Yan, Kia-Na Zhou, Duo-Lao Wang and Yin-Ping Zhang are the researchers who worked together to create the clinical trial being discussed. Li, Zhou, Yan, Wang, Zhang all possess either PhDs or Master level degrees. Li, Zhou, and Zhang work as Associate Professors or Research Assistants in the Department of Nursing and College of Medicine at the Xi’an Jiatong University in China. Yan is a professor in the Department of Public Health at the Xi’an Jiatong University in China. Wang is a professor in the Department of Medical Statistics and faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom. It is not stated if the researchers work in the field of cancer research. Each of the researchers has previously published numerous research studies. They do hold the educational preparedness and the expertise in order to conduct the study. The title ‘Effects of music therapy on anxiety of pati ents with breast cancer after radical mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial’ allows the reader or appraiser to immediately understand what variables are being studied, what population the study is being performed on and the

The Church as Forgiving Community an Initial Model Free Essays

The Church as Forgiving Community: An Initial Model Liberty University Summary To forgive is not to condone, excuse, forget, or even to reconcile. To forgive is to offer mercy to someone who has acted unjustly (Magnuson; and Enright, 2008). The study of forgiveness in this research article leads us down a path of insightful hopefulness for reconciliation, peace, trust, self-esteem and greater self-actualization. We will write a custom essay sample on The Church as Forgiving Community: an Initial Model or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with humanistic values this article gives the reader a deeper comfort in the mercies that is given from a greater high power when forgiveness is asserted. The overall premise of â€Å"The Forgiving Community,† as an initial model was a great starting point for greater research. Within the article we see why a basic theory could be important and should be implemented, especially in the case of reaching our children before a culture of unforgiveness and grudges engulf them. The main idea of this article was how to train the church community to instill the forgiving model. One of those ideas of how to instill the forgiving model was for forgivers to learn from their forgiveness and understand one must forgive because they have been forgiven for something themselves. As forgiveness is given and received both recipients, especially the forgiver now see that we all live in a world full of brokenness yet we still yearn to be restored into full fellowship with one another. While the authors were building their case for the forgiving community model they really focused on trying to teach the forgiving model. Looking at forgiveness as a model in the church within the numerous levels of its hierarchy was greatly insightful. Because, this lead to a purpose driven environment that was built on the back of repetition. This shows an effort not to exclude anyone out of the conversation as one is trying to make a lifestyle of living in the atmosphere of forgiveness. Interaction At first glance this article seemed interesting to me simply because of its title. It was one of those things that you look at and say, should not it be that way anyway. As a pastor I have been teaching on forgiveness and confession for a number of weeks in my bible study class. Everything that has been read and the scriptures that have been used in my study time have validated my conclusions of the past few weeks. Not only has my conclusions been validated it has now allowed me to deepen my studies with some empirical materials to allow my class to partake into some knowledge outside of scripture interpretation. This journal piece has challenged me as a pastor to become more psychological in my studies and further deliberate in my method of teaching. There should be a continuum of information that is given out not just from the pastor but from every auxiliary leader so that the message is not just heard but is embedded to all that are receiving the message. This will lead to the sustainability of a message and a life of character change, which will lead one to a life of self-gratification, healing, love and respect for self and others. Robert D. Enright is not just noted as an author in this article but a lot of his work is also cited in this article. Because of the dynamic references in this article his books are now on my reading list for future sermons and bible study topics especially on the topic of forgiveness. Along with reading his other works, there is a piece of me that wants to see how he interprets the scriptures of forgiveness through the lens of academics. Is there a more spiritual rational for his belief of forgiveness or is it mere empirical data received through research. Application The counseling session topics that will be used in this scenario are rape and forgiveness. Based on the article we would have to establish a level of comfortability and trust for this conversation even to blossom. Because rape is such a private encounter and the lack of trust that is in the mind of the victim; encouraging one to release their fears and pains is a delicate task. Initially, I would create a series of messages dealing with forgiveness, confidence, love, misconduct, rejection and/or acceptance. This would be done in a group setting and the conventional church service setting. There would then be a time of self-evaluation and reflection so that individuals have time to process the actions of their past lives. Afterward, there will be a time of one-on-one discussion to feed the beast of past pains and allow the clients to see since one is still here God has a continued plan past their hurtful ordeal. The subsequent steps of further sessions will be how to forgive others and how to forgive oneself for the past actions after the rape occurred. Using the church as a forgiveness community we will allow others to discuss their past and how they made it through as in the life of Joseph with his brothers in Genesis the 50th chapter. A beginning and ending of any session would begin like this, â€Å"You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good to accomplish what is now being done† (Genesis 50:20, New Living Translation). You can accept the past. No one sin, no one exploits, no one choice on your part is too big for God to handle or for God to work out. Just look at Joseph! The same brothers that plotted, sold, and lied about him had to rely on him for their survival. You can embrace the present. There is no place in your life to ride the, what if thrill ride. The past is forgiven and gone, and the future is in God’s hands; so you are free to focus on your present: because you’re present is where God’s love, grace and mercy will stream from. You can look expectantly toward the future. Even if you make mistakes today, God still controls your future. Even when things appear to be terrible, you can trust that God is still working out his divine plan for your life. Reference Magnuson, C. M. , Enright, R. D. (2008). The church as forgiving community: An initial model. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 36, 114-123. How to cite The Church as Forgiving Community: an Initial Model, Essay examples

Medical Care and Health

Question: Task 1 Essay: Using Case study 1 1.1 Explain how technology can be used to support users of health and social care services in living independently. To answer this question: Define independent living (reference properly) Explain who the users of health and social care services are Explain the meaning of assistive technology in health and social care Describe the assistive technologies provided to Sally to live independently ( Case study 1) and the support they provided 1.2 Analyse barriers to the use of technology to support users of health and social care services in living independently. To answer this question: Mention and explain barriers of assistive technologies in supporting independent living in Health and Social Care practice Explain the challenges Sally (Case study 1) is likely to face in using the assistive technology she was provided with Explain how barriers to the use of assistive technology in supporting independent living can be limited 1.3 Explain the benefits of these technologies to health and social care organisations and their users. To answer this question: Explain the benefits of assistive technology to users of health and social care and their carers (family, friends) Explain how Sally (case study 1) benefited from the assistive technology she was provided with Explain the advantages of assistive technologies to health and social care organisations (example, care homes, hospital, schools) Task 2 - Essay: Using case study 1 2.1 Explain health and safety considerations in the use of technologies in health and social care. To answer this question: Explain Health and Safety legislation 1974 Explain what should be considered when using assistive technologies in health and social care practice (example hospitals, care homes, clients homes, schools) according to the Health and safety legislation Describe the health and safety considerations in supporting Sally (case study 1) with assistive technology 2.2 Discuss ethical considerations in the use of assistive technologies To answer this question: Define ethics Explain ethical considerations in the use of assistive technologies in health and social care Explain the benefits of following ethical guidelines in supporting users of health and social care with assistive technologies Explain the implications (disadvantages) of not following ethical guidelines in using assistive technologies in health and social care practice Recommend ways compliance to ethics in the use of assistive technologies can be promoted 2.3 Explain the impact of recent and emerging technological developments on health and social care services, organisations and care workers To answer this question: Describe emerging assistive technologies used to support users of health and social care Explain the positive and negative impacts of emerging assistive technologies to: 1.Care workers 2.Organisations (hospitals, care homes, schools) Task 3 Mini report: Provide introduction to the report: give a brief summary of the content of your report Using case study 2: 3.1 Identify Maggies specific needs and To answer this question: Explain/define specific needs Briefly explain the needs of people with dementia Explain Maggies specific needs (Case study 2) 3.2 Recommend assistive devices to support Maggie to continue living independently3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of technology for users of health and social care services To answer this question: Briefly explain the benefits of assistive technology to health and social care organisations (hospitals, care homes, supported housing) and clients (elderly, disabled) Give example (2 or more) of assistive technology explaining the positives and negatives Explain how certain types of assistive technology will be useful to Maggie, also explain the type of AT that may not be useful to Maggie due to Dementia Considering Maggies health problem (Dementia), explain how technology may not promote her independence as her illness advances (deteriorates) Summarise and conclude your report Answer: Task 1 1.1 Independent living is considered as a philosophy or a concept. The word independent living signifies living independently. There are many people with different disabilities but they prefer to stay independently. Disabled people live independently with the same independence just like the normal people stay with. According to Jill Weiss, it is not merely living alone but living independently with the same choices and preferences that the non disabled people live with. In independent living, people try to work out some other alternatives in life and work towards improvement of their self respect and determination, however proper support and assistance from friends and family is required for a successful and independent living. Patients whoever use the services of health and social care services become the users of health and social care service. Whenever you are sick, you visit your General Practitioner but health and social care services are merely not limited to your GP. Nowadays you can avail or use their services sitting at your home too. Some other places where you can get the services are schools, private clinics, hospitals, day care centres, nursing homes and places of work. Clients or patients who are using the services provided by the health care centres are the users of these services, however disabled people have the full and equal rights to avail the services of the health and social care services. Assistive technology is a kind of technology with the help of which patients can perform certain duties. Without Assistive technology (AT), they might not be able to perform the job. There are various types of gadgets or equipments with the help of which patients can do their work. There are different kinds of equipments meant for a particular objective. The devices are assembled according to its requirement. The patients can complete their job with the help of technology which is supportive. Technology like responsive can help them take care of the risks and technology like preventive help prevent risks and harmful situations. The assistive technology devices range from walking stick to different kinds of detectors. Some more examples of devices of assistive technology are Devices which help patients to remember what work they need to do. Smoke or temperature detectors that help people detect smoke or temperature. Helps in locating or finding patients who have the habit of leaving home and getting lost. Devices which help patients remember to take their medicine who suffers from forgetfulness. A forty two year woman named Sally visited her GP with few complaints. Sally has been put on some assistive technology measures in order to help her live independently. When she complained about her double vision, the doctor put her on disease modulation medications. Further she was given an eye patch. She was given a cane to improve her movements ( Bond, 1995). The doctor suggested her to use a keyboard which had larger letters marked in black and the background marked with yellow. To improve her lifestyle, she was given a dressing stick, large handled pots and jar openers. Her vehicle was fitted with a left foot accelerator and spinner knob to help her drive safely. A digital memory minder was given to her in order to help her remember and complete her task on time. 1.2 Some health care services have systems of AT in place but it is not effectively implemented. Although AT needs to be considered in all the health care units, but most of the staffs are unaware of the procedure of using tags. Lack of proper training, knowledge is one of the barriers of AT. Due to improper selection of the device, a mismatch is very likely to occur. Mismatch between the patient and the device results in frustration. It can be expensive and also wastage of time. People who suffer from various dilemmas might not find AT useful and effective. It is sometimes embarrassing for some people to use devices in front of the public. The keyboard that was chosen for her might not be the correct one to solve her problem. Also Sally might feel embarrassed to use a cane in front of public. A PDA can be very heavy to carry and also expensive. It might be difficult for her to get trained on new devices that were fitted in his vehicle. In order to overcome or reduce the barriers, the most important thing is to gather information on the devices of AT. Also if one can get support from different groups in using these devices can help reduce the barrier. It is also advisable to train people on the use and thus help them understand the significance of these devices. 1.3 One of the benefits of AT is it saves time. Additionally it reduces the chances of accidents or injury. Also AT can replace caregivers. Patients can stop depending on family members and also the family members can relax at ease. Lastly it helps the older patients to live independent and help them do their work on their own. Sally was recommended to get in touch with her AT specialist. Firstly she was provided with a cane which helps her improve her walking movements (Leichsenring, 2004). The dressing stick and toothbrush handle helped her improve her daily activities. The kitchen tools helped her to cook and the device recommended for her vehicle help her drive better. The Personal digital assistant help her improve her memory skill. There are some advantages of assistive technology to health and social care organizations like schools and hospitals. People who suffer from cognitive diseases can be tagged with the help of electrical devices (Hudson, 2002). Hospitals and schools can give maximum care to the patients with the assistance of devices of Assistive Technology. People who suffer from dementia or have the habit of falling down can be put on these devices and the hospitals can take care of them in their best possible ways. References: 1. Leichsenring, K. (2004). Developing integrated health and social care services for older persons in Europe. International journal of integrated care, 4. 2. Curtis, L. A. (2012). Unit costs of health and social care 2012. Personal Social Services Research Unit. 3. Anttonen, A., Sipil, J. (1996). European social care services: is it possible to identify models?. Journal of European Social Policy, 6(2), 87-100. 4. Andersen, R. (1968). A behavioral model of families' use of health services.Research Ser., (25). 5. Unit costs of health and social care. University of Kent at Canterbury, Personal Social Services Research Unit, 2002. 6. Burns, F. M., Imrie, J. Y., Nazroo, J., Johnson, A. M., Fenton, K. A. (2007). Why the (y) wait? Key informant understandings of factors contributing to late resentation and poor utilization of HIV health and social care services by African migrants in Britain. AIDS care, 19(1), 102-108. 7. Hart, F., Bond, M. (1995). Action research for health and social care: A guide to practice. McGraw-Hill International. 8. Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?. Journal of health and social behavior, 1-10. 9. Hudson, B. (2002). Interprofessionality in health and social care: the Achilles' heel of partnership?. Journal of interprofessional care, 16(1), 7-17. 10. Richardson, S., Asthana, S. (2006). Inter-agency information sharing in health and social care services: the role of professional culture. British Journal of Social Work, 36(4), 657-669. Task 2 2.1 The Health and Safety at Work Act was passed in 1974. It is also known as HSWA 1974 or HASWA 1974. This act was passed in the UK Parliament. The most important and significant act in the health and safety legislation is the Act of Health and Safety at Work. Employees general duties and responsibilities are mentioned in this Act. For all the other regulation which is related to Health and Safety, the Health and Safety at Work Act form the basis or the framework. There are 4 parts in this Act. The parts are as follows: i) the Part 1 explains the general duties and responsibilities of Health and Safety Commission and Health and Safety Executive. ii) The Medical Advisory rules which are provided to the Employees are laid in the Part 2. iii) The laws and rules related to building is mentioned in Part 3 iv) The general amendments are covered in Part 4 In general, the Act talks about the laws and regulations in order to ensure safety and take care of the health of the employees. Assistive Technology is any equipment or systems which help disabled people live independently. In other words it can be said that it helps to increase safety in the performance of any work. It includes different kinds of equipments from simple alarm clock to a high tech equipment which reduces of chances of accidents at residence. People who need extra help in order to live independently at home can use these devices (Marsh, 1998). These devices ensure safety at home like different kinds of detectors. Personal safety of patients can be ensured with the help of these devices. They can provide communication support and remind people what to do next. Sally was given a cane which will ensure safety and improve her mobility and walking movements. A keyboard with larger black letters will help her correct her vision as she suffers from double vision. Kitchen aids will help her cook and thus help her live independently. The new devices which are fitted in her vehicle will help her learn a new way of driving. The personal digital assistant will help her improve her memory. 2.2. Ethics can be defined as a system of principle. These principles are used by people while making important decision. It can be defined as moral philosophy. Ethics can help us understand the difference between the right and wrong approach. The telecare in Assistive Technology can help benefit people. Although it has huge potential to become helpful to people but it can also have negative effects if not used properly. We have understood that through Assistive Technology can provide independence and save the time of the family member or care givers but some negative aspects of AT is it disrupts privacy. Importance should be given at the time of installation otherwise the benefits of it cannot be enjoyed. Also some people who suffer from dementia should be interviewed time to time in order to understand whether they are happy with it or not. With the help of Assistive Technology, patients independence can be ensured. As it provides the patient which different ranges of devices and equipments, it help the disabled patient to live independently and stop depending on family members or care givers. When disabled patients start to live independently, their self respect is enhanced in the society. The dignity of the disabled people who enjoy a happy life with the help of the assistive technology is also enhanced in the society. Like any other technology if ethical considerations are not followed, there will be some chances of implications or disadvantages for misusing it (Nichols, 1990). If assistive technology is over used , then this will certainly cause a hindrance in the relationship of care providers and users. The use of assistive technology can disrupt the private life of an individual. Even if the patient is able to perform the task, a device might be used to perform the same. This will reduce the persons capability of performing the task that he could have performed without any assistance. Use of technology that is dependent on usage of computer will always pose a risk to the leakage of confidential information and sharing of important messages. Also the devices can make the activities more difficult. There are pros and cons related to every technology and assistive technology is no exception to it. It is recommended that the technology should be used in such a way that it should disrupt the wellbeing or privacy of the individual. Individuals should ensure no confidential information should be shared with anybody in order to prevent the leakage of important information (Channing, 2008). If a person is able to perform a certain duty, he should not depend on the device. 2.3 There have been recent technological developments on health and social care. Some of the technological devices are microchips modeling clinical trials. Wearable technology and google glass are examples of some technological advancement. The usage of 3D in medical field has been overwhelming and really has been one of the greatest innovations in health and social care. An introduction in new technique called optogentics is also an example in the medical field. Digestible Sensors has also been invented recently. 2.4 With the introduction of assistive technology, the care workers have fewer jobs compared to the days when individuals used to depend on them. Nowadays individuals tend to depend on the devices of Assistive Technology and try to live an individual life. Care workers have been hugely benefited by the assistive technology. They can closely monitor and take care of patients as the devices play the vital role in taking care of the patients (Cralley, 1979). The organizations like hospitals, schools are now at ease as using these devices help reduce the job of the individuals who work in this organization and ensure safety. On the hand, with the emergence of more devices, they can be a threat to the organizations. References: 1. Cralley, L. V., Cralley, L. J. (1979). Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. Vol. III. Theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice. John Wiley Sons, Inc., Baffins Lane, Chichester, Sussex.2. James, P., Walters, D., Institute of employment rights. (1999). Regulating Health and Safety at Work: the way forward. London: Institute of Employment Rights.3. Nichols, T. (1990). INDUSTRIAL SAFETY IN BRITAIN AND THE 1974 HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK ACT-THE CASE OF MANUFACTURING. International journal of the Sociology of Law, 18(3), 317-342.4. Smith, R. S. (1976). The occupational safety and health act: Its goals and its achievements (Vol. 25). American Enterprise Institute Press.5. Marsh, D. (1998). Comparing policy networks. Open University Press.6. Beaumont, P. B. (1983). Safety at Work and the Unions. Routledge.7. Ridley, J., Channing, J. (Eds.). (2008). Safety at work. Routledge.8. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2001). Human resource management: theory and practice. Psychology Pr ess.9. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E. (2011). Introduction to health and safety at work. Routledge.10. Chelius, J. R. (1977). Work Place Safety and Health: The Role of Workers' Compensation (Vol. 174). Aei Press. Task 3 Introduction: This report talks about a 62 year old lady called Maggie. Maggie suffers from a disease called dementia. She is in the early stage of dementia. Maggie is a lady who is extremely active. But after her husbands death she has been suffering from dementia. She often leaves her home at night as she does not understand the difference between day or night time. The family is concerned about Maggies behavior. She is also suffering from forgetfulness. The family is of the opinion due to her weird behavior, she might be forgetting to take her medications on time 3.1 An individual whose mental condition or emotional set up of mind is not normal require special care and such individual can be described as a person with special need. A person with specific need is fully normal and they need complete support and care from the family members. when a persons mental abilities reduce, he or she is said to be suffering from a disease called dementia. First and foremost they start depending on someone as their mental health is not normal. So their need is to get support from a person who does not criticize them for their misdoings. Sometimes they are unable to express their views and opinions so one should be sensitive towards them and take care of empathically. If a person suffering from dementia is fond of going out, an individual should always assist him in his/her outings. They tend to forget simple things in life and with love and care they can be looked after. People should be very caring towards patients of dementia. Maggie is lady aged around 62 year old. She has been diagnosed with dementia. Maggies husband has died recently. She has the habit of going out and visiting different places throughout the day. On many occasions, she has failed to understand the difference between daytime and nighttime. On one occasion, she left her tap open which resulted in overflow of water (Piefke, 2007). Her daughter visited her once but could not find her at home. Her family is concerned about her forgetful nature and they feel that Maggies is at risk due to her forgetful nature. Maggies needs are to be recognized and taken care of. 3.2 Some assistive devices can be recommended for Maggie in order to let her live independently and without depending on her family. She is recommended to use devices like a sensor which helps to detect extreme temperature, gas or smoke. A mat put on bed which sends alarms when the person gets up from the bed at night. Another device which is whenever she gets up from bed or chair an alarm would ring. Electrical tags can be used. Hearing aids, dressing aids, walking canes can be recommended. To address her problem of keeping the tap open, a device that rings an alarm whenever any tap is kept open can be used. Since Maggie has the habit of leaving her home without informing anyone, locator devices can be used in order to find out her exact location. Calendar clocks can be used in case she cannot remember the day. 3.3. There are many benefits of assistive technology to health and social care organizations. First and foremost, with the help of these devices disabled people can live independently without any dependence on care givers or family members. There are various risks associated with the patients who suffer from dementia. Using the devices of assistive technology can help reduce the risks. If a person is dependent on devices of assistive technology, they dont need to pay a visit to hospital at an early age. The devices would help improve the memory of the patients. The patients who suffer from dementia are prone to suffer from stress and they tend to get exhausted easily. The devices can be a relief to them and also to their family members. A person suffering from dementia can use a hand held digital assistant can help him improve his memory. This device helps him remind what work to do next (Ravenscroft, 2002). This will help him to complete his work on time and thus he will remember to complete the important tasks throughout the day. The device is very costly and might be difficult to acquire it. Locator devices can help people locate in case they are lost. Sometimes some devices of assistive technology may disrupt the privacy of the individual. A PDA which is personal digital assistant can be very useful to Maggie as she suffers from dementia. Also the locator device can be helpful for her. A walking cane might not be helpful for her as she is a very active lady. A computer device might not be helpful for her as she is old enough and does not go to office. Dementia is a disease of declining memory capabilities. The mental condition of an individual gradually declines as the illness advances (Ratcliffe, 2008). Maggie is at the early onset of the disease. She has been recommended to be put on different devices which may be helpful to him in the initial stages. She has the habit of going out of home and she cannot distinguish between day and night. But as the disease will advance, she might carry the locator device that will help find her location even if being used to it from the onset of the disease. Another device called the PDA has been recommended for her. With the advancement of the disease, she might forget to carry it in her pocket and thus the device might not be useful to her anymore. In this report, we have come across a lady called Maggie who is suffering from the disease called dementia. Maggies family is concerned about Maggies safety. Dementia being a mental disease cannot be cured completely. Different kinds of devices of assistive technology have been recommended for Maggie in order to help her live independently and prevent her risk factors. References: 1. Ratcliffe, M. (2008). Feelings of being: Phenomenology, psychiatry and the sense of reality.2. Currie, G., Ravenscroft, I. (2002). Recreative minds: Imagination in philosophy and psychology.3. Schulte-Rther, M., Markowitsch, H., Fink, G., Piefke, M. (2007). Mirror neuron and theory of mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy. Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal of, 19(8), 1354-1372.4. Stanghellini, G. (2004). Disembodied spirits and deanimated bodies: The psychopathology of common sense.5. Bolton, D. (2008). What is mental disorder?: an essay in philosophy, science, and values.6. Gillett, G. (2009). The mind and its discontents: An essay in discursive psychiatry.7. Radden, J. (2009). Moody minds distempered: Essays on melancholy and depression.8. El Kaliouby, R. A. (2005). Mind-reading machines: automated inference of complex mental states (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cambridge).9. Schachter, S., Singer, J. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological review, 69(5), 379.10. Grodal, T. (1999). Moving pictures: A new theory of film genres, feelings, and cognition.

204 5th Ave N Logan Clark Essays - Cinema Of The United States

204 5th Ave N Logan Clark , Saskatoon SK S7K 2P1 Box 353 Nipawin ,sask Greetings, Charles Hamilton I'm writing in response to your M arch 1 st and March 17 th articles about the homicide of eagle feathers son. I feel slightly concerned about eagle feathers response to the tragic incident that occurred on the 1 st , as I don't feel it is a normal first reaction to just forgive his son's killer as a appropriate and normal response as I feel he has skipped all the grieving stages and is not going to handle his son's death the right way .what I am trying to say is am concerned he is going to resort to some kind of substance that may harm his wellbeing such as drugs or alcohol, judging by the response he publicly announced on the 17 th. I do understand his points of view as well as I don't agree with it I can see his view on the incident. I see him as the type person who would rather remember his son as his son and not the young adult who died by the hands of murderer. These are some of the reasons I think his idea of how to go about on the situation is to forgive those who wrong you. I feel he is not handling the loss of his son the right and healthy way. I hope you take the time to look over my opinion and consider my thoughts on the situation. My greatest thanks for taking your time and I truly hope Gordon grieves correctly. Sincerely: Logan Clark

6 Strategies to Successfully Pass a School Bond

6 Strategies to Successfully Pass a School Bond A school bond provides a financial avenue for school districts to meet an immediate specified need. These specified needs can range from a new school, classroom building, gymnasium, or cafeteria to repairing an existing building, new buses, upgrades in classroom technology or security, etc. A school bond issue must be voted on by the members of the community in which the school is located. Most states require a three-fifths (60%) super-majority vote to pass a bond. If the school bond passes, property owners in the community will foot the bill for the bond issue through increased property taxes. This can create a dilemma for voters in the community and is why many proposed bond issues do not receive enough â€Å"yes† votes to pass. It takes a lot of dedication, time, and hard work to pass a bond issue. When it passes it was well worth it, but when it fails it can be extremely disappointing. There is no exact science for passing a bond issue. However, there are strategies that when implemented can help improve the chances that the bond issue will pass. Build a Foundation The district superintendent and the school board are often the driving forces behind a school bond issue. They are also responsible for getting out into the community, building relationships, and keeping people informed about what is happening with the district. It is vital to have good standing relationships with powerful civic groups and key business owners within a community if you want your bond to be passed. This process should be continuous and ongoing over time. It should not happen just because you’re trying to pass a bond. A strong superintendent will make their school the focal point of the community. They will work hard to forge those relationships that will pay off in times of need. They will make community involvement a priority inviting members into the school not only see what is going on but to become a part of the process themselves. Potentially passing a bond issue is just one of the many rewards that come with this holistic approach to community involvement. Organize and Plan Perhaps the most crucial aspect of passing a school bond is to be well organized and to have a solid plan in place. This begins with forming a committee that is as dedicated to seeing the bond passed as you are. It is necessary to note that most states prohibit schools from using their own resources or time to lobby on behalf of a bond issue. If teachers or administrators are to participate on the committee, it must be on their own time. A strong committee will consist of school board members, administrators, teachers, advisory councils, business leaders, parents, and students. The committee should be kept as small as possible so that a consensus can be reached easier. The committee should discuss and create a detailed plan on all aspects of the bond including timing, finances, and campaigning. A specific task should be given to each committee member to carry out according to their individual strengths. A school bond campaign should start approximately two months before the vote is scheduled to occur. Everything occurring in those two months should be well thought out and planned in advance. No two bond campaigns are the same. It is likely that parts of the plan will have to be abandoned or changed after realizing that the approach is not working. Establish a Need It is essential to establish a real need in your bond campaign. Most districts have a list of projects that they believe need to be completed. When deciding what you are going to put in the bond it is vital to look at two factors: immediate need and investment in your student body. In other words, put projects on the ballot that will resonate with voters who understand the value of education and show them there is a need. Make those connections apart of your campaign and bundle things where appropriate. If you are trying to build a new gymnasium, package it as a multipurpose facility that will not only serve as a gymnasium but as a community center and auditorium so that it can be used by all students and not just a select few. If you are trying to pass a bond for new buses, be prepared to explain how much money you are currently spending to maintain your bus fleet that is outdated and run down. You can even use a deteriorated bus in your campaign by parking it in front of the school with information about the bond. Be Honest It is essential to be honest with the constituents in your district. Property owners want to know how much their taxes are going to go up if the bond issue is passed. You should not skirt around this issue. Be direct and honest with them and always use the opportunity to explain to them what their investment will do for students in the district. If you are not honest with them, you may pass the first bond issue, but it will be more difficult when you try to pass the next one. Campaign! Campaign! Campaign! When campaigning begins it is beneficial to keep the message simple. Be specific with your message including the voting date, how much the bond is for, and some simple highlights of what it will be used for. If a voter asks for more information, then be prepared with more details. Campaigning efforts should be holistic with a goal of getting the word out to every registered voter in the district. Campaigning occurs in many different forms, and each form may reach a different subset of constituents. Some of the most popular forms of campaigning include: Build a Website – Create a website that gives voters detailed information about the bond issue.Campaign Signs/Posters – Put campaign signs in supporters’ yards and posters in high traffic locations such as the post office.Speaking Engagements – Schedule speaking engagements with civic groups in the community such as the Senior Citizen Center, Masonic Lodge, etc.Organize a Voter Registration Drive – A voter registration drive allows you to recruit newcomers and potential supporters who might not vote otherwise.Door to Door Canvassing – Simple word of mouth campaigning may make the difference especially in reminding voters to get to the polls.Telephone Committee – A simple way to poll voters in the community as well as to inform them about the bond issue and to remind them to vote.Direct Mail – Send flyers highlighting the bond issue out a few days before the vote.Media – Use the media to get the message out when possible. Focus on Uncertainty There are some constituents that have their minds made up on a bond issue before you even decide to do it. Some people always vote yes, and some people always vote no. Do not waste time on trying to convince the â€Å"no† votes that they should vote â€Å"yes†. Instead, focus on getting those â€Å"yes† votes to the polls. However, it is most valuable to invest your time and effort on those in the community that have not decided. Visit with those on the fence 3-4 times throughout the campaign to try and sway them to vote â€Å"yes†. They are the people who will ultimately decide whether the bond passes or fails.

Intertextuality in Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intertextuality in Films - Essay Example Intertextuality occurs in popular media such as television shows, movies and even interactive video games. Intertextuality is often used to provide depth to the fictional reality portrayed in the medium, such as characters in one television show mentioning characters from another.intertextuality was first proposed by Julia Kristeva . According to her a single text that can consists of many texts or it is act of changing one set of the sign into another. the use of intertextuality is perhaps the most useful and essential method of ensuring a successful show or film in today’s marketplace. as there are many sources of entertainment available in today’s life apart from films, it is very useful for modern directors to attract a particular audience. many directors and filmmakers refer to previous and old books, novels, songs, history or remake many popular films because the audience get familiar with the next story they see hear or read will remind them of something they hav e already experienced. it is the tool available to the filmmakers to take advantage of intertextuality.it is the collection of text, people, ideas, new inventions, that interact with each other to form a framework or community in which to relate the thoughts and influence each other. It is the relationship, influence and conversation between the texts. One of the example is The O.C. is the best example of television using intertextuality, with its frequent references to movie characters and comic books such Spider-Man, and Star Wars protagonist Luke Skywalker. ... films on superhero Superman are also inspired by his herioc actins and stunts in comics and stories and series on television. Drama series Lost has a huge number of interextual tie-ins, including websites, broadcasts, and even a novel written by a character, which purport elements from the series to be real.Not only does the concept reveal the author's sources, it also aids in understanding the text at hand. Through intertexuality the reader may recognize concepts that possess similar qualities of a previously read work. Since the reader is familiar with texts that a work may or may not have built from, the reader him/herself has found an avenue into the text through the work's relationship to other texts. The discovery of a relationship provides the reader with a starting point which aids to unfold the meaning of the piece. The reader will find it easier to uncover the avenues that exist into the piece if he/she has read a wide range of books. For example within a film(one frame) an advertisement (other frame) of a product can be shown, such as billboard in a scene. The film in turn is a part of genre movies or film. On television, advertisement, often allude to other advertisement of the same product such as series of advertisement of the same products or television personalities or programmes.it is the standards of textuality in discourse analysis but is also relevant.Intertextuality is closely related to media and film industry. for example many films begin with the credits rolling as a car, a train or stage travels across a landscape and arrives at a town. It may refer far more than influences of the writers to each other. On television, advertisement, often allude to

Market Segments and Targets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Market Segments and Targets - Assignment Example Market segments are crucial to business success owing to a number of reasons. An understanding of the market segment one serves helps them to understand the needs and wants of their target market thereby increasing their marketing opportunities. The business is also able to create a solid customer base since the customers realize their value to the firm and appreciate the fact that their needs fit consideration. Segmentation also helps a business focus on the little differences in the market that give them a competitive advantage over their competitors. They are also able to profile their customers and understand the market landscape (Kotler & Keller 2012). In this age of technological advancement, businesses need to stay updated so as to keep up with the upcoming trends in terms of technology. The internet is useful for marketing. It may also be a particularly useful tool for businesses that wish to launch a new product. The global net has made the world a global village, hence very useful in marketing. However, in marketing by use of the internet one ought to take special care and ensure the target market is in mind when choosing the target market. One cannot use the internet to advertise goods to a remote village with no electricity. The market targeted by an entity will have a significant effect on the outlook of its website. When developing a website the business will consider its target market. One cannot design a sophisticated and complex site when targeting the elderly. When dealing with the erratic teens, the site needs to be colorful and fun. An entity will also decide on the content of the site depending on the market.  

IP - English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IP - English - Essay Example ulcates a drive in me to achieve success in the course, challenges that I encounter in the way of achieving my goals include but are not limited to my laziness, and occasional lack of ability to draw a balance between my work life and my social life. Sometimes, I spend too much time studying because of which I cannot find any time for leisure activities to refresh myself mentally and physically. At other times, I hang out with my friends for too long to be left with any time for studies. However, my desire for having a bright future keeps me on the track most of the time. One needs motivation in order to develop good writing skills in academic and professional life. Motivation comes from realization of the benefits of good writing skills. I derive the motivation to develop good writing skills from imagining how well I would be able to perform in my studies and at work when I develop good writing skills. I imagine myself writing essays, participating in essay-writing contests, writing and winning debate competitions, and writing long passages in short time thus saving time for other questions in the exams. I also imagine myself being able to convince the employers to hire me through my professional email writing and resume building. Winning such competitions and jobs builds one’s confidence which is very essential for living a happy life. I have noticed a lot of improvement in my writing skills over the passage of time. My writing skills have improved particularly since I started writing essays. I have realized that one needs to practice a lot in order to develop good writing skills. Reading essays from professional writers also helps develop the concept of writing and understand its various genres. In addition to that, watching movies and reading books helps one develop a good sense of phrases and styles of language that are used in everyday life. In the start, I found it hard to write long essays and keep my thoughts focused on a certain topic, but with time,

Software Architecture Design Approach

Software Architecture Design Approach Rizwan Umaid Ali 1 Generate and Test as a Software Architecture Design Approach 1.1 About the Writer Len Bass from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 1.2 Introduction Software Architecture design has become a fundamental component of software development life cycle. As other components of life cycle testing the design of the architecture is important and relates directly to overall quality of the Software Application. 1.3 Problem To make a Software Architecture a design decision process that can test the design hypothesis, test quality of it and identify issues and rank them on the basis of priority. The process will develop test case on each step of design process. This will result a sequential process in which each design will be developed and tested and thus improving the overall design quality of software system. 1.4 Design Hypothesis Most designs are created in the context of an existing system, even it is created from scratch and not being modified. Consider this our initial hypothesis can come from following sources: The system we will modify or the new functionality we will add. A functionally similar system. A framework designed to provide services which will help in design process. A collection of legacy/open-source applications. 1.5 Establish Test Cases After we have our initial hypothesis we have to determine how to identify if design satisfies the quality benchmark expected from the application. For this we have to establish test cases and identify three sources for it. Identify perspectives which can be used to generate test cases. Identify architecturally significant requirements. View specific use cases. A number of use cases can be derived by thinking about specific architectural views. 1.6 Test Procedure Having the test cases of design hypothesis, following methods can be used to test the design and detect its shortcomings. Analytic models using quality attributes. Develop simulations of how design will support the test cases. Create prototype of initial design. Needs more effort but gives best result. 1.7 Test Result and Next Hypothesis The test result will either show that the design hypothesis passes all tests and fulfills the quality requirement or there are shortcomings. The quality attributes these shortcomings relate to should be identified first. We can use two approaches to alter the design. Apply architectural patterns to problems detected. Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes. The updated/next hypothesis will go through the above process recursively until the design with required quality is achieved or the time allocated for the design process runs out. 1.8 Conclusion This paper presents a software architecture design process where we will test, validate and update our design until it reaches the quality benchmark. The architect of the software system can use this process to identify shortcomings and make decisions for alternative design structures. 2 SecArch: Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security 2.1 About the Writer Sarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon from University of Birmingham. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) in 2012. 2.2 Introduction Software architecture models or views are evaluated for detecting problems early in the software development lifecycle. We can detect critical security vulnerabilities at this stage and get a chance to improve quality at a very low cost. This paper presents methodology for detecting security vulnerabilities caused by implied scenarios and race conditions. 2.3 Problem Incorporating multiple views of an architecture and studying the communications between them and give ways analyze security concerns in concurrent systems. This will done by comparison between complete vs incomplete system models using two methods, one for detecting implied scenarios using behaviour models, and one for detecting race conditions using scenario diagrams. 2.4 Scenario-based specifications Scenario-based specifications are based on procedural-flow through components. Each scenario explains a partial view of the concurrent system. The scenario-based model will have following three properties: the composition of scenarios from multiple component views of the software system, the possible continuations between multiple scenario and the hidden implied scenarios. 2.5 Implied Scenarios Implied scenarios can be formed my dynamically combining two different scenarios together and provide an architectural flow for them is state representation. Below is an example of behavior model which is combining two different scenarios together. It uses an incremental algorithm for detecting inconsistent implied scenarios from sequence models. Figure 1 behavior model example 2.6 Detecting Race Conditions We can apply race condition scenarios to above model and identify security vulnerabilities. Below are the 3 possible cases. Â · Race Condition 1: disabling the server during authentication. Â · Race Condition 2: what happens when the user commits to buy an item while the server is being disabled. Â · Race Condition 3: what happens when the server is disabled while the user is logging off. Below are sequence diagrams for these three race conditions. Figure 2 Race Conditions 2.7 Conclusion This paper presented an incremental architecture evaluation method that merges behavior models with structural analysis for improved detection of inconsistencies. We examined the concept of implied scenarios and detection of race conditions. The writer also compared his proposed method with current industry practices and tested the on industry projects. He found that his method can give better results. The future work will focus on generating test cases to perform live testing on the system under test. 3 Towards a Generic Architecture for Multi-Level Modeling 3.1 About the Writer Thomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree from University of Salzburg. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 3.2 Introduction Software architecture modeling frameworks are essential for representing architecture and their views and the viewpoints they are derived from. Conventional modeling approaches like UML do not have sufficient complexity to explain the models and meta-models (defining the models) of architecture. 3.3 Problem General purpose meta-models are used in the conventional modeling techniques, which are not sufficient for modern software models. Model driven architecture has to use more generic approach to describe multilevel architecture. 3.4 model-driven engineering and parameter generation Model-driven engineering (MDE) is method for managing complexities of developing large software intensive systems. The models in MDE are the main artifacts describing a system going under design process. This paper aims at developing a framework for model-driven generation of automation system configuration parameters using a testbed platform. The configuration parameters for the automation system can be generated automatically when a testbed model includes hardware and software components. Figure 3 Testbed configuration MDE 3.5 Presented Prototypical implementation The below example explain the modeling approach presented in this paper. Component is an example of the fixed meta-model elements represented as code in the environment. Different types of engines can now be either initiated using the Component, or by cloning the initial Engine and copying t to new engine. In the example, the Engine has two attributes, Inertia and MaxSpeed. In prototypical approach each element is an instance and must provide values to these attributes. Diesel and Otto represent two kinds of engines; since they are cloned from Engine, they receive copies of the attributes Inertia and MaxSpeed, as well as their values. Italics script is used to mark such copied attributes; grey text is used to express that the attribute values are kept unchanged. Figure 4 Meta-models example In Figure 4 DType represents a family of diesel engines. D1 finally is a concrete, physically existing member. 3.6 Conclusion This paper we presented applications of multi-level modeling in the domain of testbed automation systems and why conventional modeling is insufficient for our MDE requirements and how multi-level modeling can solve the representation issues. They presented an approach to represent models in much more detail with simple notations. 4 Automated reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions 4.1 About the Writer JoËÅ" ao M. Franco, Raul Barbosa and MÂ ´ ario Zenha-Rela University of Coimbra, Portugal. Published in Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA) in 2012. 4.2 Introduction Assessment of quality attributes (i.e., non-functional requirements, such as performance, safety or reliability) of software architectures during design phase so early decisions are validated and the quality requirements are achieved. 4.3 Problem These quality requirements are most often manually checked, which is time consuming and error-prone due to the overwhelmingly complexity of designs. A new approach to assess the reliability of software architectures. It consists in extracting and validating a Markov model from the system specification written in an Architecture Description Language (ADL). 4.4 Reliability Prediction Process There are many different methods to achieve reliability prediction are known, each targeting diverse failure behaviours and different reliability assessment methods. The writer presented the below process for reliability prediction. Architecture and Module identification and their interactions. The Probability of Failure specified in terms of a percentage. Combining the architecture with the failure behaviour. Below is an example of batch sequential style state model using the Marov model. Figure 5 Markov model example Validation of the Process The validation of the process presented by the writer was done in two steps: Validity of Reliability Prediction Validity with different architectural styles. The validations were compared to previous research studies. It was found that results were similar proving that the mathematical models were accurate. 5 In Search of a Metric for Managing Architectural Technical Debt 5.1 About the Writer Robert L. Nord and Ipek Ozkaya from the Software Engineering Institute, CMU. Published in European Conference on Software Architecture 2009. 5.2 Introduction The technical debt is trade-off between short-term and long-term value. Taking shortcuts to optimize the delivery of features in the short term incurs debt, analogous to financial debt, that must be paid off later to optimize long-term success. This paper demonstrates a architecture focused and measurement based approach to calculate technical debt by describing an application under development. 5.3 Problem Technical debt thoroughly relays on system evaluation. An organization which has to evolve its system has to make sure if future development will not increase its debt and have a lower cost. In this paper the writer develops a metric that assists in strategically managing technical debt. 5.4 Architecture Debt Analysis We will analyze technical debt on two different paths. Both paths have different priorities. Path# 1: Deliver soon. To deliver a working version of the system quickly, the plan calls for making the minimum required effort at the beginning. Path #2: Reduce rework and enable compatibility. Requires an investment in infrastructure during the first deliveries. Cost compression of both paths is illustrated in the table below. Table 1 Cost Comparison We can calculate the total cost T with a function taking implementation cost and rework cost as input. T = F( Ci, Cr) For simplicity we consider the function sums both the cost up only. We can now compare the total cost with the cumulative cost. Table 2 Cost comparison with cumulative cost 5.5 Modeling Rework In Agile software development an important challenge is to give value to long term goals then short term. The cost of taking an architectural design decision today always has a lower cost than refactoring the design in future implementations. An organization should have the following prospective towards its technical debt. Focusing on short term goals puts the organization technical jeopardy, when the debt cannot be further handled. Using shortcuts can give success on short term until the rework costs starts to come and the cost and timeline becomes unmanageable. The architectural decisions requires active follow-ups and continuous cost analysis. This is to make sure that the design decision will make an impact in future costs of development. 5.6 Conclusion From this research we conclude that the future development of well-designed application has lower cost and is less tentative. Therefore the technical debt in lower if the architecture is well defined and fulfills quality attributes requirement. 6 Research Topic: Testing Software Architectural Changes and adapting best practices to achieve highest quality in a quantifiable manner. 6.1 Introduction We have looked into testing methodologies and design process and possible technical debt on software architecture. We now look how our technical debt will be effected if due t future requirements the architecture have to be changed. 6.2 Proposed Research Problem We will first Estimating Technical debt onExistingSoftware architecture and Software system. Then using Design changes and code changes for estimating technical debt and quality attributes. The prediction is made based on comparisons with similar change bursts that occurred in the Architecture. The views of software architecture will be used. This is applicable in Agile Development. 6.3 Types of changes We can classify each type of change in architecture by analyzing the overall impact of it on the architecture and possibilities of technical debt from it. We also assign a propagation value to each type of debt so that its estimated suavity can be quantified. Small architectural change in one or some views. Low Technical Debt increase (0.10) Addition of new architecture. Architecture for new functionality added. Medium Technical Debt increase (0.30) Small changes in several views. High Technical Debt increase (0.60) Massive architectural change is several views. High Technical Debt increase (0.80) 6.4 Proposed Solution After analyzing research papers and book ‘Software Architecture in Practice’, I can give following points on how the technical debt of new architecture can be managed. Compare updated architecture and see how the updates have increased the technical debt. Apply same test cases which were used in the initial software architecture. See how quality attributes are increased or decreased after the update. 6.5 Reduction of Technical Debt To reduce the technical debt after architectural changes following strategies can be adopted. 6.5.1 Refactoring Apply architectural patterns to improve several quality attributes. Use architectural tactics to address for specific quality attributes. 6.5.2 Retaining existing Architecture Models Continue the existing architecture in patterns. Search for Modifiability tactics already used. Stick to that tactics. 7 References [1] Len Bass: Generate and test as a software architecture design approach. WICSA/ECSA 2009 Page 309 – 312. [2] Sarah Al-Azzani and Rami Bahsoon. SecArch: Architecture-level Evaluation and Testing for Security. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 51 60, Aug. 2012. [3] Thomas Aschauer, Gerd Dauenhauer, Wolfgang Pree. Towards a Generic Architecture for Multi-Level Modeling. European Conference on Software Architecture 2009 Page 121 130. [4] J. Franco, R. Barbosa, and M. Zenha-Rela. Automated reliability prediction from formal architectural descriptions. In 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), pages 302 -309, Aug. 2012. [5] R. Nord, I. Ozkaya, P. Kruchten, and M. Gonzalez-Rojas, In search of a metric for managing architectural technical debt, in 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and 6th European Conference on Software Architecture, 2012, pp. 91-100.

Never Forget What It Was Like to be a Student Essay -- Philosophy of E

Never Forget What It Was Like to be a Student After a great deal of reflection, I found this statement to be at the core of my teaching philosophy. If you can not understand students, you can not expect to instruct them or guide their learning as effectively. Some of my best teachers, for example, where those who understood that students’ attention spans were limited and at any given moment their pupils were facing many more challenges than those merely presented in class. By developing a connection with students on some level, these teachers demanded a respect that was not simply based on fear. Consequently, in these classes my fellow students and I were more self-motivated to do well since the level of respect we had for our teachers also included a desire to do well and please them with outstanding academic performance. A close student-teacher relationship works in two ways, and in my opinion, not only benefits the students but has the added bonus of benefiting the teacher as well. Teachers who develop a rapport with students will be more likely to be driven to create dynamic lessons that engage a diverse group students than teachers who merely show up and present information in a bland, mundane manner to a monotonous sea of faces. By understanding students, teachers are also able to gauge what type of lessons would be most appropriate and effective. Some classes, for example, may be able to work well cooperatively while another class may need the same mate...

War in Deuteronomy

Deuteron chapter twenty should be read as a rhetorical or historical text. Though this topic has been widely discussed for many years, someone has yet to convince everyone that one way of viewing the text Is correct and the other Incorrect. Throughout this research paper we will discuss the text found In Deuteron chapter twenty along with surrounding text viewed through both the rhetorical lens as well as the historical lens. The surrounding text that we will analyze is chapters even and thirteen of Deuteron.Chapter seven discusses the Israelites expectations for separating from the idolatrous nations. Chapter thirteen informs the Israelites what they are supposed to do when enticed to follow false gods by three different accounts of influence. In Deuteron chapter seven, God commands the Israelites to practice complete separation from the Idolatrous nations of the Hitters, Geographies, Amorists, Canniest, Pretzels, Helves, and Jubilees-?all of which reside in the Promised Land they a re preparing to enter.Although these nations are stronger than Israel, God Insists that he will deliver these nations to the Israelites and they will destroy them completely, make no treaty with them, and destroy them. Following In verse four, God stresses that the Israelites are not to intermarry with any of these nations because doing so would allow them to turn the children of Israelite away from Him to serve other god. In result of such an occasion, God's anger would drive him to destroy the Israelites.The Israelites were told to basically attack the idolatry of these nations t the origin by destroying all of their altars and idols because they were the chosen ones to be God's special possession which they were to treasure. In verses nine and ten, it is stated that God is God and will continue being God for all eternity to those who love him. However, to those who do not love God he will destroy. The middle of Deuteron chapter seven, verses 11-15 talks about how God's people are to remember the covenant of love He has made with his people for He will keep the covenant If his people follow these laws.Up to verse sixteen, this scripture states that f His people follow the laws they will be blessed in numerous ways through crops, offspring, livestock, and disease such as what they experienced in Egypt. The closing of chapter seven of Deuteron is used to discuss that the Israelites are not to be intimidated by the strength of the other nations which they are to drive out, but to remember what God had done to Pharaoh in Egypt.God continues to overemphasized that He will deliver all of these nations along with their kings to the Israelites so that they may destroy them and the record of their existence. In the final two verses of his chapter, God instructs the Israelites they are not to covet anything the gods of these nations possess such as the gold and silver and not to bring any of their possessions Into their own household. In Deuteron chapter thirteen God addresses the destiny of those who practice Idolatry or entice others to practice Idolatry.The chapter begins with God stating that If anyone Is to experience an event that would cause them to feel the urge to worship other gods that the words of that sort to refrain from partaking in the suggestion of worshipping other gods because he very situation is a test from the Lord our God to find out if they love him with all their heart and soul-?the prophet who tried to turn them away from the Lord shall be put to death.Starting in chapter six and continuing through chapter eleven God tells his people that even if a family member was to entice them to follow other gods not only were they to be ignored, but they were also to be given no pity nor be spared, or pitied. This relative, or closest friend was to be immediately put to death by the hand of the family member who was being misled. By doing this, the killed enticer was to river as an example so that such an evil thing would not happ en again.Deuteron thirteen closes with a final situation of dealing with the people of a town who are misled into idolatry by wicked man. In this situation, the Israelites are to investigate the situation thoroughly, and if the situation is proven true, they are to kill everyone of that city. The city should become a ruin for the remainder of time and never rebuilt. The possessions of that city were also to be left as ruined and not be found in the hands of His people.This chapter is closed with the statement from God hat he will turn from his fierce anger and have compassion on his people if they do as they are told. Deuteron chapter twenty is a series of directions that concern war in general and the process of which the Israelites were to takeover and destroy particular cities. â€Å"The instructions in this chapter are peculiar to Deuteron. As the people of God, Israel was not a warlike nation; they were rather to abstain from warfare, and as a general rule to cultivate the art s of peace.But they had before them at this time the prospect of a serious and protracted conflict before they could occupy the land which God had assigned to them; and they might in future years have to go to war to maintain their independence and repel aggression. In view of this, instructions are here given regarding the conducting of military service† (Alexander, n. D. ). In verses one through four of this chapter, the Israelites are commanded to refrain from feeling afraid, panicked, or terrified of armies greater than theirs because the God who brought them from Egypt will be with them.Verse four states that the Lord their God will fight for them against their enemies to give them victory. Verses five through nine are accounts in which the officers of the army will ask for anyone who has built a new house and not yet lived in it, anyone who planted a new vineyard and not yet enjoyed it, anyone who pledged to a woman and not yet married her, or anyone who is afraid or fai nthearted to go home. Following this, verses ten through twenty are directions concerning the taking over of the false nations.When the Israelites march to attack a city that is far from them-?not of a nearby nation-?they are to first offer peace. If the city accepts this offer, the people of he town shall be made servants and work for the Israelites. However, if the town is not willing to surrender, the Israelites were to kill every man in the city, and take the women, children, livestock, and everything else in the city as plunder for themselves. On the other hand, when approaching a nation within the Promised Land, the Israelites are to immediately destroy anything that breathes without offering peace to them first.The Israelites are instructed to do so to avoid being taught to follow their detestable ways of worshipping other gods and sinning against the Lord their God. God then commands His people to refrain from destroying any fruit bearing trees in Historical Analysis There a re quite a few accounts in these chapters that lead to the idea that the text in Deuteron chapter twenty should be read historically. When the God of Love is commanding his people to annihilate and slaughter living people, there is obviously going to be controversy.The main controversy seems to lie between groups who cannot agree whether the text in Deuteron chapter twenty should be read historically or rhetorically. A sub category of controversy in chapter twenty, noted as Case 1 & Case 2 by biblical scholar Gordon J. Wham, is the discussion of why the nations within the Promised Land were not offered peace before being destroyed and the nations outside of the Promised Land were offered peace before being destroyed (Wham, n. D. ). In chapter twenty, why would our God tell his people to annihilate and destroy a nation not leaving anything alive that breathes?Aren't humans God's own creation? When these particular verses are read independently God does in fact come across as contradi cting Himself and failing to practice what He preaches. However, when read in context, we are able to see that God is by no means going against the sixth commandment, Mimi shall not murder,† but He is actually sticking to His word Just as He said He would. If we take a look into some of Deuteron chapter twenty's surrounding scripture we come across some eye opening information.For example, in Deuteron 7:9-10 scripture reads, â€Å"Know therefore that the Lord your God is God; he is the faithful God, keeping his covenant of love to a thousand generations of those who love him and keep his commandments. But those ho hate him will repay to their face by destruction; he will not be slow to repay to their face those who hate him. † This verse shows us God's reasoning behind why He wants the Israelites to destroy them. This reference takes away from the sting of the idea that God wants us to kill people, and therefore, allows us to interpret this text as historical.It is also suggested by Reverend C. Clearance, a biblical scholar, that the reasoning why the nations within the Promised Land were not offered peace before being destroyed is because they had already had their day of grace in Genesis 1 5:16 ND that they should be overcome by destruction lest they continue to pollute the land (Clearance, n. D. ). Another example is found in Deuteron 13. Biblical scholars Reverend J. Orr, Reverend D. Davies, and Reverend R. M. Edgar point out that in verse 14, which states, â€Å"then you must inquire, probe and investigate it thoroughly.

Regulations of Biotechnology essays

Regulations of Biotechnology essays Biotechnology is an unstoppable reality, and it should be something closely watched (Thompson). Biotechnology concerns human beings, problems concerning plants, animals and the environment. There is a great range of issues and topics when talking about biotechnology. However, the main question is why the government is not closely regulating private biotechnology firms. Research projects being done by biotech firms can be lead to a variety of issues involving ethics, for example, cloning, stem cell research, and genetic engineering. The projects being done especially by private firms deal with a terrifying notion of these biotech companies playing God. They are altering, engineering and taking science to a new level and the government most of the time has no idea what they are doing. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to provide solid information on biotechnology and the ethical issues that surround it to prove why the government should regulate private biotechnology firms. There was a story on the front page of the business section of the New York Times at the beginning of this month about a race to develop a new product in biotechnology. The title "Down on the Farm, A Donor: Genetically Altered Pigs Bred for Organ Transplants" (Weil). This race involves four small biotechnology companies whose recent progress has prompted some scientists to say that the first organ transplant from pig to human could occur within a year. Due to this major pharmaceutical and medical device companies are funding this research, which means these small firms will not have to ask the government. This story brings into focus the tangle of issues that precipitates quandaries about biotechnology development. Biotechnology is a challenging domain to examine. This world is the great and expanding range of areas of research and development with commercial potential and implementations. Advances in genetic modification, manipulation of viruses, bacteria,...

Harry S. Truman essays

Harry S. Truman essays America, our great country, is strong, powerful, and influential. Americans exemplify positive values, selflessness, hospitality, and the American way of life. The mighty oak tree that stands taller, bigger, and older than all others best represents this grand country. Each part of the tree illustrates a facet of our nation. Shapely emerald leaves covering the tree symbolize the values many Americans hold concerning themselves, others, and their nation. Leaves help the tree grow and flourish just as our value of caring for our neighbors help us to unite and become more successful. The beautiful shade and distinct shape of these leaves make the tree more attractive and unique. Our values often differ from values of other countries due to cultural contrasts such as with religious, racial, and education issues. We give much more freedom than many other countries do to those of different races and religions. In addition, we hold education in a much higher regard than other countries. These differences sometimes make our country seem more appealing to those of foreign lands. Without leaves in the spring, the mighty oak would have no means of nourishment and would die. Our common American values bind us together as one unit just as all the leaves work together to benefit the oak. Without them, we would be millions of separate bodies aimlessly wondering about a common ground, and our country would fall to pieces. Thus, there would be no country as there would be no tree. The lonely oak's long, gnarled limbs seem to reach out as far as they can just to touch another tree. One limb reaches far to the east until it finds a maple. Our brave troops fought in the east to fend off the Czechoslovakians and Serbians from nearly defenseless Bosnia. Another limb bends down and softly touches the fresh buds of a young sapling. Many Americans give years of their lives in South Africa to the Peace Corps to touch the lives and hearts of many vi...

What is nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is nursing - Essay Example Under professional and ethical nursing, the NMC code and nursing accountability is discussed among other issues. The paper also highlights on the personal, social and political context of nursing among other important aspects that have helped to shape nursing as a profession. I will draw on practical experiences in the past to elaborate what others have said about nursing in literature. Nursing is among the most demanding professions. It entails both promotion and protection of the health needs of individuals, families, and communities (Basford, & Oliver, 2003). Since the natural environment is one of the leading causes of infections, nursing also entails protection and management of the natural environment (American Holistic Nurses Association, & Noreen, 2000). Nurses are community and social workers whose principal role is to eliminate illnesses by promoting good health. This entails good nutrition and hygiene. In general terms, nursing roles require the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infections. The four core values in nursing include caring, integrity, diversity, and excellence (Black, & Kay, 2014.). These values are important to ensure that patient care is professional and yields excellent results. Meta-paradigm for nurses is a conceptual framework that involves the client (patients), the environment, nursing and the environment (Dossey, & Lynn, 2009. The client is the recipient of care while the environment entails the internal and external factors surrounding patient care. Health is the client’s degree of wellness while nursing includes the attributes, actions and characteristics of the individual nurse providing care to the client (Butts, & Karen, 2013. The four nursing frameworks work hand in hand to enhance service delivery in the nursing profession. Based on my role as a student nurse and a placement nurse, my experience

Operations People & Performance in Aldi Supermarket Essay

Operations People & Performance in Aldi Supermarket - Essay Example This paper stresses that while operating on large scale and managing to attract a large portion of consumers daily, an important issue is the determination of the right quantity of human capital required. The management has therefore the burden of evaluating and fixing the right number of employees that can be able to serve customers efficiently. The other challenge is in the capability of the business to attract and retain the best talents in the organization. TThe other major issue is the ability to motivate employees to achieve the highest possible performance through the adoption of a good reward system. This paper makes a conclusion that many characteristics of organizational culture have a very vital role in influencing the motivation and the manner employees engage in an organization. Aldi needs an organizational culture characterized by a group of employees that does not greatly share the underlying beliefs and values as well as the various aspects of the beliefs and values to constitute a weak organizational culture. This in turn will influence autonomous decision making and enhance the spirit of entrepreneurship that results to improved innovation in the organization. Aldi should motivate its employees through an efficient rewarding system both at individual and group level for better implementation of the strategy. In a condition where there are consistent rewards to an employee in Aldi, the employee will consider his conduct as normal and this will lead to high motivation as in a strong culture of the organization.

How Beyond Budgeting Model Can Overcome Traditional Budgeting's Dissertation

How Beyond Budgeting Model Can Overcome Traditional Budgeting's Criticisms and whether it's the Way to Forward to Adaptive Mana - Dissertation Example decentralised teams 26 2.6.3 Performance measurement 26 2.7 Changes in the Organisation with the adaptation of Beyond Budgeting 28 2.8. Summary 32 3.0. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Research Overview 33 3.3 Research Philosophy 34 3.4 Research Approach 34 3.5 Research Methods 35 3.6 Research Strategy 36 3.7 Research Design 36 3.8 Data Collection Method 37 3.9 Data Collection Method 37 3.10 Analysis Method 37 3.10 Reliability of Research 38 3.11 Limitations 38 3.12 Summary 39 4.0 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 40 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Case Analysis 40 4.2.1 American Express 40 4.2.2 Case Analysis of Aldi 44 4.2.3 Case Analysis of UBS Wealth Management and Business Banking 45 4.2.4 Case Analysis of Guardian Industries Corporation 46 4.2.5 Case Analysis of SpareBank 1 54 4.3 Summary 61 5.0 DISCUSSION 62 6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 68 6.1 Conclusion 68 6.2 Recommendations: 72 7. List of References 73 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview Budgeting is one of the most important tool s for managers and it has been regarded as the cornerstone of the management accounting system by Hasnen, Otley, and Stede (2003). Budgeting is a tool that is used by mangers as a blueprint for their future actions. Budgeting is used by organisations to analyse how the firm is performing and how it is expected to perform in the time to come. In some organisations, this tool is also known as the annual planning process. Budgeting has been one of the most commonly used methods by managers and it has been used in different parts of the world. However, with the passage of time there have been several discrepancies and inconsistencies found in the budgeting process and traditional methods used by managers for budgeting and this has raised questions regarding the reliability and effectiveness of budgeting process (Ostergren and Stensaker, 2011). One of the major purposes of budgeting is that it allows the company to analyse how it is able to achieve and meet its objectives. With proper an d effective use of budgeting techniques, an organisation is able to improve its profits and reduce its unnecessary expenses. There can be different purposes for using budgeting and some of the most important purposes of using budgeting techniques include: forecasting financial statements, controlling costs and expenses, managing and predicting cash flows, resource planning, communication plans etc (Becker, Messner, and Schaffer, 2010). Organisations may use budgeting for more than one of these above reasons and it is up to the management how they adopt these techniques as there have been several firms that have adapted and have achieved benefits of using these techniques. Besides the advantages and benefits that budgeting techniques offer, these techniques have several limitations that limit and reduce the importance of such techniques. Organisations have been planning to improve these techniques and therefore there has been sufficient research on this topic (Linder and Weber, 2005) . Budgeting techniques are not only used for one department or one product that the company is offering. With the use of budgeting technique an organisation is able to identify the cash inflows and outflows from different departments or products that the company offers. By using these data, the management can be able to better analyse the situation and take decisions accordingly. Therefore it has been used by management as a planning tool for years (Drury, 2008). 1.2 Background The traditional budgeting approach is a combination top down and bottom up

Auditing Essay Example for Free

Auditing Essay Course Texts: Prentice Hall – Auditing and Assurance Services – An Integrated Approach 15th edition. Arens/Elder/Beasley (Required) Please bring your textbook to each class session Class Hours: Monday / Wednesday 8:30 9:50 a.m. 119 Eppley Center Monday / Wednesday 10:20 11:40 a.m. 119 Eppley Center Monday / Wednesday 12:40 2:00 p.m. 119 Eppley Center Office Hours: Monday 2:30 – 4:00 p.m., N227 BCC Wednesday 2:30 – 4:00 p.m., N227 BCC Other hours available by appointment (please contact me to arrange an appointment.) During the week I check email constantly and am highly responsive. This is often times the best way to get a quick response. I can make individual appointments to meet with you during times when I am on campus if you want a one-on-one appointment to discuss grades and other more confidential matters. Our course consultant will be available on a regular basis for detailed material/grading questions. Course Consultant: John Kure ([emailprotected]) In addition to my office hours, John will be accessible to meet with you during the course. He will be available to answer your questions about grading as well as to provide advising and consultation regarding other  course-related matters at the following times: TBD Course Web Page: The course has a web page in Desire2Learn, and you should check it often. The course consultant and I will use this site to communicate with the class periodically during the semester. The page will also include a number of assignments and other relevant and important course materials. We plan to track your grades using the Gradebook feature on this site. POLICIES FOR CONDUCT OF THE COURSE 1. BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE The overall objective of this course is to help each student obtain the skills, knowledge, and attitude to maximize the likelihood of practicing successfully after graduation. This overall objective is to: Aid in preparing you for the auditing section of the CPA exam. Develop technical and application auditing skills, including evidence accumulation and workpaper documentation. Practice communication skills in the context of auditing practice. Learn about a business approach to auditing which emphasizes relevance of general business and environmental knowledge awareness. Develop professional judgment in materiality and risk assessment, in ethical conduct, in the application of generally accepted auditing standards, and in the determination of sufficient competent evidential matter. 2.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES This course is intended to be an introduction to the audit process and the role of auditing in organizations and in financial markets. It will not make you an auditor – that comes only with extensive experience – and it will not specifically prepare you for the auditing section of professional exams (e.g., CPA, CIA, etc.). However, the course should provide you with the basic knowledge so that, with additional self-study or by taking a review course, you will pass the auditing components of those exams. We will be studying the following topics, with the objective of gaining a sufficient understanding of each to enable you to apply, evaluate, and use them throughout your career: Demand for audits and attestations. Audit risk model. Concept of materiality. Assessing inherent risk. Assessing control risk. Audit evidence: a) planning. b) the role of sample evidence. c) evidence collection. d) evidence evaluation. Reporting requirements. Quality assurance of the audit process. Auditing environment: a) professionalism and self regulation. b) external regulation. 3.CLASS FORMAT Auditing is a challenging and demanding profession. To provide coverage of a significant amount of material and to allow for active learning, the class meetings will be held assuming you have read the assigned material prior to class and are prepared to contribute to class discussions every session. The textbook and readings should give you a fundamental understanding of the topic before we discuss it in class. Please feel free to raise any questions you have about the material before, during, or after class. Class meetings will consist of a combination of lecture, open discussion, and a number of active learning opportunities. Meeting time will allow for discussion of current topics and student questions and concerns. Additionally, time will be spent on active learning opportunities that  include, but are not limited to, homework problems, in-class group assignments, case studies, quizzes, and exams. 4.REQUIRED COURSE MATERIALS You will need to purchase the textbook as described above under Course Text. Previously used packages may not contain the required problems and/or worksheets. Case work will be provided in your book or by instructor. No purchase is necessary for case work. 5. GRADING Final grades will be based upon your points earned in relation to the total points available. Some of these points will be awarded based on your individual performance on exams. However, since auditing is a team effort in the real world, you will be organized into teams of 3 or 4 for some group assignments. Group members are expected to be conscientious and fully committed to sharing group work. Upon agreement of the other group members, and after meeting with me, a group member who is not adequately participating may be removed from the group. That person will then be required to complete the group assignments individually, and I will reserve the right to penalize project points equal to one letter grade. Total points will be distributed as follows: Grading Scale: The final grade for this course will be based upon a curve. (No particular accumulation of points constitutes a 4.0 or a 2.0 for example.) This is a competitive grading scale based course. QUIZZES You will be given 5 in-class quizzes during the semester. Each quiz is worth 10 points. The quizzes may consist of true/false questions, multiple-choice questions, and/or matching. Quizzes will begin promptly at the beginning of class. Latecomers will NOT be given extra time. Absentees will NOT be given make-ups, except in certain PRE-APPROVED, school-related instances. Quizzes cannot be made up after the fact for any circumstance. Your lowest quiz grade will be dropped at the end of the semester. WRITING ASSIGNMENTS You will be asked to complete 5 in-class writing assignments throughout the semester. Each writing assignment is worth 10 points. The writing assignments will be graded based on effort. These in-class writing assignments may be done at the beginning of class to lead us into discussion of a certain topic, or they may be done at the end of class to help me assess your understanding of material/case study that we have covered in class or they may take place during the class in groups to stimulate discussion. Your lowest in-class writing assignment grade will be dropped at the end of the semester. GROUP PROJECT You will work in groups of 4-5 to complete a group project. Details about the project assignment will be given mid-semester, and work on the project should be on-going throughout the remainder of the semester. The project will be worth a total of 40 points. EXAMS Three exams will be given during regular class time. Makeup exams will not be given unless extraordinary circumstances are involved. To the extent it is possible, you will be expected to notify me before the scheduled exam if an extraordinary circumstance exists. Exams will be composed of some combination of multiple-choice questions and short answer non-multiple-choice questions, patterned after the auditing portion of the CPA examination. The exams are designed and graded to evaluate your understanding of the auditing concepts and your ability to communicate the results of your analysis of the textbook, class projects, homework assignments, and any class discussion. Homework Although not assigned graded points, the suggested homework problems can be helpful to ensure your understanding of the material. You may visit the course consultant’s office hours to see solutions to these problems if you would like to tackle this extra work. 6.POINTS OF EMPHASIS Academic Honesty and Integrity You are responsible for adhering to the University guidelines on Academic Honesty and Integrity and to The Eli Broad College of Business Undergraduate Honor Code, available in its entirety at http://www.bus.msu.edu/information/news.cfm?newsid=767. According to the Code, it â€Å"applies to all undergraduate students enrolled in the College or  in any course sponsored by the College.† Thus, as a student in ACC 411, you are required to review, comprehend, and abide by the Code. The penalties for a violation of the University guidelines and/or the Code can be quite severe. Unless explicitly indicated otherwise, all graded assignments are expected to be the result of your original work. Academic dishonesty will be dealt with in the harshest manner available within the University or College guidelines. Should you have any questions about this policy, please see me immediately. Quality and Neatness of Work All work submitted in this class is subject to a penalty for sloppy presentation, poor writing, and other characteristics which detract from the professionalism expected from auditors. ACC 411 is an upper level course for accounting majors, and it is possible that it will be the only course you take related to auditing prior to starting your professional career. As such, I expect your work to reflect your preparation for professional careers. Participation and Other Classroom Considerations Participation and attendance are considered highly important in this class. I will not take attendance each day; however your attendance and participation will be noted and taken into account. I do expect that if you attend class you will be present for the entire class. I will consider tardiness, early departures and use of electronic devices when calculating your attendance, participation and professionalism score. If you will be late to the start of class or need to depart early, please let me know ahead of time as a courtesy. Religious Holidays I respect religious observances and have made allowances in the syllabus to  ensure that students are not penalized for missing some class days (i.e., I count the top 4 of 5 quizzes/writing assignments). However, please notify me at the beginning of the semester if you expect a conflict on exam days. Final Exam Per the University’s Final Exam Policy: A student absent from a final examination without a satisfactory explanation will receive a grade of 0.0 on the numerical system, NC on the CR-NC system, or N in the case of a course authorized for grading on the P-N system. Students unable to take a final examination because of illness or other reason over which they have no control should notify the associate deans of their colleges immediately. Social Media As members of a learning community, students are expected to respect the intellectual property of course instructors. All course materials presented to students are the copyrighted property of the course instructor and are subject to the following conditions of use: 1. Students may record lectures or any other classroom activities and use the recordings only for their own course-related purposes. 2. Students may not share the recordings with other students enrolled in the class. Sharing is limited to using the recordings only for their own course-related purposes. 3. Students may not post the recordings or other course materials online or distribute them to anyone not enrolled in the class without the advance written permission of the course instructor and, if applicable, any students whose voice or image is included in the recordings. 4. Any student violating the conditions described above may face academic disciplinary sanctions.